Tuesday, February 16, 2010
Press Briefing | The White House
The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release
February 12, 2010
Briefing by White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs, 2/12/10
James S. Brady Press Briefing Room
* The President will depart the White House to Camp David mid-afternoon on Sunday.
** On Thursday in Denver, Colorado, the President will deliver remarks at a fundraiser to benefit Senator Bennet. He will then travel to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he will attend a DNC fundraiser on Thursday night.
12:58 P.M. EST
MR. GIBBS: Let’s do a couple -- one announcement and the week ahead before we get started.
President Obama called former President Nelson Mandela this morning to congratulate him on the 20th anniversary of his release from prison. President Obama expressed the American people’s great admiration for President Mandela, who was very appreciative of the call.
Next, let’s do a quick week ahead. On Sunday -- I don’t have anything for tomorrow. On Sunday the President will travel to Camp David. He will return to the White House on Monday.
Q Do you have times for that, roughly?
MR. GIBBS: I don’t, but we will -- let me get that* -- are you pool duty? (Laughter.)
Q Just curious.
Q Are they doing anything for Valentine’s Day?
MR. GIBBS: I will inquire. I will assume that will be up there at Camp David.
On Tuesday the President will visit and tour a jobs training center in the capital region. On Wednesday the President will meet with King Juan Carlos of Spain at the White House. On Thursday the President, as we talked about yesterday, will meet with the Dalai Lama here. He will then travel to Denver, Colorado, where he will deliver remarks at an event for Senator Bennet, and then travel to Las Vegas, Nevada. On Friday the President will hold events with Senator Reid in Las Vegas, to include discussion with citizens and business leaders about working together to address the economic challenges facing Nevada and the rest of America. The President will return that afternoon to Washington, D.C. And I will find out your pool time for Sunday.
Q Robert, are those Reid events fundraisers?
MR. GIBBS: I don’t know that --
Q Campaign events?
MR. GIBBS: I do not believe any of those are fundraisers, but let me double check on that.**
Q And no events on Monday?
MR. GIBBS: No. No, he’s got nothing on Monday.
Q Signing the debt limit?
MR. GIBBS: It could be this weekend, but I don’t have a day yet.
Q It will not be today?
MR. GIBBS: No. Ben.
Q Thanks, Robert. I wanted to ask a little bit about the way things are unfolding on the jobs bill in the Senate. Does the President support what’s happened here with Senator Reid trapping this bipartisan bill and offering up a pared-back Democratic one? What’s his stance on that?
MR. GIBBS: Well, let’s understand, Ben, a couple of different things. One, I don’t think there will be only one piece of legislation that will encompass all of the ideas that members in the Senate or even the President have for strengthening our economy and creating a better environment for hiring. I think that will probably take many forms. We’ve never thought that it was going to go through in one package.
Senator Reid’s legislation, I wouldn’t characterize it as a Democratic-only plan, since the hiring tax credit is, as you know, the Schumer-Hatch -- legislation designed by Senator Schumer and Senator Hatch -- it has small business expensing, a reauthorization of the highway bill, and an extension of Build America bonds.
Again, I think this is just one of many vehicles that will likely go through the Senate during this process. I think there are a number of ideas that will garner bipartisan support that aren’t in the initial piece of legislation that Senator Reid will move: unemployment insurance extensions, COBRA health care extensions for the unemployed, an extension of the SBA lending program. I think there are a host of things that can and will garner bipartisan support, both in the vehicle that Senator Reid is moving when the Senate gets back and will move throughout this process.
Q Does the White House support the vehicle as it stands right now?
MR. GIBBS: Look, I think the jobs tax credit is very akin to what the President had in mind, and I think infrastructure investment is something he’s talked about, the expensing provisions, all of which the President would be eager to sign.
Q And what about this, the way this happened yesterday -- there was a statement released by you about the President’s support of a bipartisan Senate bill, and then by day’s end, it wasn’t a bipartisan bill. Were you surprised?
MR. GIBBS: Well, Ben -- let’s be clear, I think that the legislation that Senator Reid will move when the Senate comes back into town will garner bipartisan support. I think there are things that Democrats and Republicans alike agree on need to be in the mix, some of which we just went over, that will also garner bipartisan support. I don’t think there’s -- again, I don’t think there will just be one vehicle that moves, and I don’t think there was only one chance at getting bipartisanship. I think there are a series of ideas that all of us agree need to be put forward to stabilize our economy.
Q Just to finish that thought, though, understanding this might garner bipartisan support, the way this happened yesterday, did the White House see it coming? Did you know that --
MR. GIBBS: I don’t know the degree to which Senator Reid, who I see in media reports made his decision before he went to caucus, I don’t know the degree to which he talked to us about that.
Q Speaking of bipartisanship, are you encouraged by what appears to be growing signs of bipartisanship on financial regulation in Congress? Are you encouraged, one, that that might mean a bill could be finished by this summer? And two, do you have any sense -- or is the White House willing to compromise at all on what appears to be the biggest sticking point of the Consumer Financial Protection Agency?
MR. GIBBS: Well, look, I think there are, Jeff, strong signals on a number of fronts that working together has its advantages, whether it’s on financial regulatory reform, which obviously the President believes is a big priority this year.
Look, one of the big points that was discussed in the bipartisan meeting on Tuesday was with Senator McConnell about moving nominees that -- I recounted this story a couple of times yesterday -- with 63 being held for more than a month, 10 times the number that had been held for more than a month at this point in President Bush’s administration. And the Senate passed nearly 30 by unanimous consent last night.
So I think whether it’s financial regulatory reform, whether it’s provisions to help small businesses, whether it’s moving qualified nominees forward, I think we can see certainly this week the benefits of working together.
In terms of the consumer office, I think it -- the President still believes it is a great priority to have the independent authority to ensure that consumers in this reform are protected -- protected from the type of loans that we’ve seen happen that have led to massive foreclosure; the type of tricks with credit cards that we had seen in the past that legislation that Congress approved and the President signed is intended to deal with.
So the President continues to be a very strong supporter of that function of the reform bill that we sent to Congress.
Q And does that agency have to be a separate entity? Is that something he would be willing to compromise on to get this through?
MR. GIBBS: Look, I don’t know what the nature of the different proposals are. Obviously this is something that would need to have independent authority and I think that is what is important for -- and that’s what consumers want -- important for their protection.
Q But does that indicate, Robert, that maybe there’s some wiggle room as long as independent authority is preserved if it’s not --
MR. GIBBS: Well, look, again, we will -- I think what the President would greatly resist is the notion that somehow this is -- the protection of consumers is unattainable in financial reform.
Q That’s not the question, though.
MR. GIBBS: No, no, I understand, but what I’m saying is without knowing what exact vehicle might come in a bipartisan proposal from the Senate, obviously we would look at this assuming that strong consumer protections and authority was in that legislation. But I don’t want to get ahead of -- I don’t want to get ahead of what that proposal might look like -- what might look like.
Jake.
Q Last month I asked you if the President had an opinion on some of the discussions in changing the Senate rules so that the Republicans or the minority, whomever in the future, wouldn’t be able to demand the cloture be invoked, 60 votes, as often; you said you’d check with Leg Affairs. My understanding is that one of the President’s close allies in the Senate, Dick Durbin, is throwing his support behind the bill that Tom Harkin brought up that would introduce a sliding scale so the 60-vote thing wouldn’t be required as often. Have you guys discussed it with Senator Durbin? Do you have a position on this?
MR. GIBBS: Let me check again on whether Senator Durbin -- whether we’ve had conversation with Senator Durbin.
Look, I know there’s been great frustration on either side of -- either on this side or on Capitol Hill about the sheer amount of times in which cloture has needed to be invoked.
We’ve certainly discussed the frustrations of -- particularly as it relates to non-controversial legislation or non-controversial nominees. We went through the -- and you heard the President discuss a GSA director that had been stalled for nine months, had to seek cloture, cloture wasn’t a close vote, and then she was approved 96-0. I think at that point you realize that this is the -- this is a rule that is being abused.
I will check with -- whether any conversations have been had with Senator Durbin about Senator Harkin’s legislation.
Q Okay. And then just to follow up on Ben’s question about the bipartisan jobs bill that Schumer, Hatch, Grassley and Baucus have been working on. The reason that was given, it’s my understanding, by Majority Leader Reid, for scrapping that effort, much to the dismay of the senators who have been working on it, is that there were protests from some of the more liberal or progressive members of the Democratic caucus in the Senate. Isn’t this kind of bipartisan move that those four senators, bipartisan senators, had been working on exactly what the President has been talking about, and isn’t Harry Reid’s move to scrap it, regardless of what comes out of the Senate eventually, isn’t that contrary to what the President has been talking about?
MR. GIBBS: No, no, again, I think what -- again --
Q You guys put your support behind the bipartisan effort.
MR. GIBBS: And we certainly support working in a bipartisan way to get these things done. Whether the vehicle goes -- Jake, whether the vehicle is the four items that Senator Reid has now, whether that includes unemployment and COBRA extensions now, whether that includes extension for SBA lending, whether it includes tax extenders, whether it includes disaster relief, those are discussions that they’ll have.
Again, I believe that -- I believe that many of these -- many of these will be implemented and voted on and approved with strong bipartisan majorities.
Q Right, but you guys obviously had lent your support to the bipartisan effort. These four senators have been working hard on this bipartisan effort. And then Senator Reid, because of apparent concerns from liberal Democrats, scrapped it. That had to have been disappointing to the President and antithetical to his calls for bipartisanship.
MR. GIBBS: Well, what I’m saying is, I don’t -- I do not think that -- I do not think that taking -- first of all, the main part of the piece of legislation that Senator Reid will have the Senate vote on is the Schumer-Hatch jobs tax credit.
So I think there -- what legislative vehicle many of these bipartisan ideas -- whatever -- it moves on, I think, is in some ways not quite as important as demonstrating that we can work together. Putting as the centerpiece of a bill that’s going to move when the Senate comes back from recess a bipartisan jobs tax credit I think sends the appropriate message to small businesses around the country that Washington can work together to create an environment that incentivizes the additional hiring of workers at small businesses. I think that’s what the President has talked about.
Q But to paraphrase the President, bipartisanship can’t just be adopting one person’s set of ideas. And I understand Hatch and Schumer were working on the tax credit together, but that was something that was the President’s proposal. It was a Democratic idea ultimately. I mean, if the President --
MR. GIBBS: Well, I don’t know that -- well --
Q The hiring tax credit. I mean --
MR. GIBBS: I think the hiring tax credit was -- is a proposal that the President offered -- I’m not sure you would consider Senator Hatch to be somehow overly sympathetic to the White House’s view on these issues. I think it demonstrates --
Q But it’s part of a larger package. That’s my point.
MR. GIBBS: Right, but a messier -- my messier way of saying I think if you look at both what’s in this legislation and I think if you look at what isn’t in this legislation but will ultimately move, I can’t imagine a scenario in which extending unemployment benefits for those that have been out of work and having those benefits expire isn’t going to garner bipartisan support. Extending health care --
Q It just looks like a jobs version of -- when the President was asked about, the other day when he was here, and he was asked about Mitch McConnell talking about how they could support -- Republicans could support nuclear energy or clean coal technology, and the President’s response was --
MR. GIBBS: What you assume --
Q -- the President’s response was, well, of course, they like -- I’m paraphrasing -- but of course they like that, those were Republican ideas that we’re offering, in the name of bipartisanship. So what’s going on here is the reverse -- Harry Reid taking out the one Democratic idea.
MR. GIBBS: No, no, no. Do you think helping small businesses grow by allowing them to write off part of their expenditures is just something that’s a Democratic idea? Do you think extending the highway trust fund extension is somehow a uniquely Democratic idea? I think if you were to break the four components of that bill out individually, each of those would garner strong bipartisan support.
So I -- look, I think we are in some ways over-reading some of this because, again, I think -- personally believe that the four components of this bill, several components that were in the bipartisan bill but aren’t in the Reid bill, will still be bipartisan. I think -- I don’t think any of the ideas that I’ve listed here today are uniquely Democratic ideas that have dispensed with Republican ideas in their stead.
Q Can I follow up?
MR. GIBBS: I’ll come back around.
Q Robert, could you set us straight on the President’s role in deciding where the trial of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed will be?
MR. GIBBS: Well, look, obviously the decision was made appropriately in conjunction with an interagency process by the Attorney General. But obviously there are efforts on Capitol Hill through legislation to restrict either the type of or the venue of a trial for Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and his co-conspirators. That, by definition, involves the White House and ultimately the President.
So since this effort has moved from strictly a Justice Department decision to something that’s in the legislative arena, the White House and by definition the President are involved.
Q But it’s being depicted as if he is actually the person who is saying this is where it will be.
MR. GIBBS: He’s not in the Map Room with a big map picking a location. Obviously the President and members of -- White House staff have an equity in this, given what’s going on, on Capitol Hill legislatively.
Yes, sir.
Q Following up on that, though -- I’ll let you read your note first if you would like.
Q Is it a Valentine’s Day note? (Laughter.) Does it have Snoopy on it? (Laughter.)
Q -- passing notes --
MR. GIBBS: Well, I will -- I was wrong earlier. If you want to let folks know, just got word that the debt limit PAYGO will be signed later today.
Q Behind closed doors?
Q Coverage?
MR. GIBBS: Not on my note. (Laughter.) Go ahead.
Q Following up on the Khalid Sheikh Mohammed question, on Sunday, when Katie Couric asked the President, have you ruled out trying Khalid Sheikh Mohammed in New York City, he said, "I have not ruled it out." Wasn’t he saying there that, by saying "I have not ruled it out," that he is essentially the decision-maker on this?
MR. GIBBS: No, I think he’s part of -- I mean, obviously he’s the Commander-in-Chief. Obviously he said that he had not ruled it out; that we would take into account the security and logistical concerns that had been brought forth by New York City. And those will be, as he said, taken into account before a final decision is made.
Q And the final decision, as he strongly implied here, will be by him?
MR. GIBBS: Again, I think -- I think he will have strong equities in this decision and will hear from a lot of different people.
Q When do you think the decision will come down?
MR. GIBBS: I don’t know. I know that -- I know there were -- it was brought up in a meeting that I was in earlier today, but it was not a decision-making meeting.
Q And then you said he’ll be hearing from a lot of people, then the input is coming to him for him to make a decision?
MR. GIBBS: Well, no, I think -- I think he will hear from a lot of people; he will be involved in a larger process.
Q So he’s much more deeply involved personally now that he was in the original decision?
MR. GIBBS: Well, again -- again, because of -- because Congress has become involved in this, because legislation could restrict the venue and the type of trial, the White House is more involved, yes.
Q Does the President think that there was kind of a political tin ear here to make the decision to try him in New York in the first place, since it looks like it’s heading in a different direction now?
MR. GIBBS: No, look, Chip, I’ll remind you that some of the people that -- some of the people that you hear now that are opposed to the trial in New York were in November supportive of the trial. Again, we’re going to take into account security and logistical concerns that those -- that those individuals now have. The cost of the trial obviously is one thing, and all of that will be taken into account.
Q If I could just follow up on Ben and Jake’s line of questioning here. I think your answer is basically that, in the end, most of the stuff will be taken up and hopefully on a bipartisan basis. But isn’t bipartisanship also about tone? And by doing what Harry Reid did yesterday -- here you had four members working together -- I mean, people were looking around going, what’s wrong here? We’ve got four people working together on a bipartisan basis -- and then we realized what was wrong here -- Harry Reid was about to slap them in the face, or as Chuck Grassley said, pull the rug out from under this effort again. It’s tone --
MR. GIBBS: No, again, I just --
Q -- he destroyed the tone of bipartisanship.
MR. GIBBS: No, no, I think that’s over -- an over-reading of the situation. Again, the centerpiece of -- the centerpiece for job creation in the bipartisan legislation was the Schumer-Hatch small business hiring tax cut. That’s the --
Q Right. And now Hatch is furious, and so is --
MR. GIBBS: -- that’s now the hallmark of legislation that will move in the Senate.
Look, here’s what I think is most important, is, are we going to -- are we going to get these individual items and items that aren’t in this legislation passed to benefit the American people, and are we going to get them passed in a bipartisan way? I think the answer to both of those questions is yet.
Q So all that matters in the end is whether they pass with bipartisan votes, not whether people are actually working together in a concerted effort.
MR. GIBBS: No, because I think -- I think you’re going to have bipartisan votes because they’re working together on ideas that appeal to both Democrats and Republicans.
The President’s example -- the President’s example that he used that Jake brought up the other day was when you just have idea that appeals to one party on this side or just an idea that appeals to the party on the other side. Tax cuts to encourage equipment investment is not a partisan idea. Reauthorizing and extending the highway bill for a year always gets strong bipartisan support. Build America bonds will have bipartisan support. The hiring tax credit, written by a Democratic senator and a Republican senator by definition will have bipartisan support. What’s not in that bill, extending tax cuts, will likely have bipartisan support, including something like the research and development tax credit, which is extended year after year.
Extending unemployment compensation and health care for the unemployed will garner bipartisan support because it’s not a partisan idea. Extending a lending program --
Q Does the White House support the hardball partisan tactic of --
MR. GIBBS: Again, I don’t -- I think you’re greatly over-reading and greatly over-simplifying what’s going on here.
Q The Republicans don’t -- they think it was a hardball political tactic.
MR. GIBBS: I just don’t see it.
Yes.
Q Attorney General Holder’s comments to The Washington Post -- "At the end of the day, wherever this case is tried, in whatever forum, what we have to ensure is that it’s done as transparently as possible and in adherence to the rules" -- is that a softening of the administration’s position about holding the KSM trial in Article III courts?
MR. GIBBS: No, because the question that was posed to him asks if fair trials can be held in military commissions. And I can get you a transcript of --
Q We should not read it as a new openness to military commissions for KSM?
MR. GIBBS: No, look, understanding this, that military commissions had traditionally been something that had faced, through the Supreme Court, constitutional problems until this administration, working on a bipartisan basis with Capitol Hill, reformed that process.
Q Do you feel like, or does the administration feel, that military commissions are inferior to Article III courts?
MR. GIBBS: No, I think, again, I think the way that things have -- I think the reform efforts that had been brought about ensure the type of protections that would withstand constitutional and Supreme Court scrutiny.
Q Is the administration considering a military commission for KSM?
MR. GIBBS: I would just go back to what I said earlier in the sense that there are a series of things that are being looked at, most appropriately the security and logistical concerns of those in New York, as a decision is being made.
Q And very quickly, would the President be involved, as he is with the location of any civilian court trial, be involved in the consideration of whether it should be moved to a military commission or would that interfere with the Justice Department’s independence?
MR. GIBBS: Look, I think I’ve discussed why the President is involved and how he’ll take part in that.
Laura.
Q So just following right up on that, you said -- she asked if there were -- it’s been asked if there would be -- if military commissions were something you were considering and your response was, there are a series of things being looked at. So I would read that to mean that, yes, that is one of the things; is that correct?
MR. GIBBS: I would just say this. Without illuminating all of the factors that are involved, first and foremost there are, as I’ve said before, security concerns, logistical concerns, about where you would hold the trial in New York, what that would mean for the downtown area, that have to be taken into account. But as you heard the President say last week, he’s not ruled out the fact that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed would still be tried in a federal court in New York.
So I think that’s -- first and foremost, that’s what the President is focused on.
Q But he hasn’t ruled out the other option though?
MR. GIBBS: Focused on the decision at hand.
Q On the issue of recess appointments, when you talk about this issue you talk about people who haven’t had a chance to even come up for a vote because they’re being held by one senator over this, that, or the other. Does the President view it as an option to use recess appointments for somebody like Craig Becker, who did in fact have a majority but not the supermajority needed? And did -- obviously his nomination did come up a vote.
MR. GIBBS: Look, I think there are -- the President has nominated qualified, very qualified individuals for the positions that he’s nominated them for. We hope and believe that after the discussion that the President had with Senator McConnell on Tuesday, it’s clear that the Senate heard that conversation and acted.
But you heard -- you saw the President in a statement last night -- he’s not going to foreclose that if what continues to stall -- if the stalling tactics continue, he’s not ruling out using recess appointments for anybody that he’s nominated.
The best way to avoid that? The best way to avoid that is for the Senate to work through this process.
Q So in the case of Becker, would you view that as a stalling technique to --
MR. GIBBS: Yes.
Q So it is a possibility that you would -- he might be --
MR. GIBBS: Anybody that the President has nominated that hasn’t been approved is somebody that the President would consider --
Q What if he only got 49 votes? Would he consider it in that case?
MR. GIBBS: I’m not going to go through a whole host of different scenarios.
Mark.
Q Does the President believe that’s what the founders had in mind with the recess appointment provision -- to give him the authority to circumvent a Senate action or inaction on nominees, when the Senate --
MR. GIBBS: I have not spoken constitutionally with the President about his theory on it. I think the practical measure is -- again, understand that while the -- what the Senate did last night, in moving a series of nominees that the President thought were qualitatively and quantitatively different than what had been held at that point in the Bush administration, is still that way, right? There are 63 that had been pending for a month. They dealt with about half of them, right? So instead of a 10-1 ratio with the Bush administration, we have a 5-1 ratio. I don’t think the President believes that’s an acceptable number either.
The best way to deal with this, though, is by having the Senate work through the process of voting up or down on these nominees.
Q Do you remember whether then-Senator Obama objected when Senator Reid kept the chamber in session during the last two years of the Bush administration so that he could not make any recess appointment?
MR. GIBBS: If you may have that --
Q I was asking if you recall.
MR. GIBBS: I don’t recall. I don’t recall.
Q All right. One other question. I wondered what you thought of a CBS News/New York Times poll finding last night --
MR. GIBBS: CBS News. Never really heard of it. (Laughter.)
Q -- that showed that only 12 percent of those surveyed believed they got a tax cut over the last year.
MR. GIBBS: I’d say they called the wrong people. No, I -- (laughter) -- yes, I know -- (laughter) -- no, look, I think what -- look, I think what happened, and one of the things that I think will go through this bipartisan jobs process is state and local aid, right? Understand, if you look at last month’s jobs report, the number of state and local government jobs lost was 41,000 out of that monthly jobs report, because I think in many cases -- and you see now, too, the importance of something like state and local aid, because as bad as state budgets were last year, they’re actually worse this year.
So I think even as -- even as people may or may not have felt what they got from the federal government, they may have gotten something different from their state and local government in order to make up for a collective budget shortfall among the 50 states in something that exceeded $125 billion.
So, look, I think that -- look, is it part of the frustration? Of course. Ninety-five percent of working people in this country saw their taxes cut last year.
Q What percent?
MR. GIBBS: Ninety-five. But only, apparently, 12 percent felt it.
Roger.
Q Robert, back to the terror suspects. I want to make sure I’m clear here. What exactly needs to happen before we get a decision? Is the President, for example, is he awaiting some specific recommendations from Holder, given all the --
MR. GIBBS: No, they’re in the process of going -- they’re in the process of working through the many issues, some of which had been brought up by those in New York about the concerns of a trial there.
Q But is there -- you also have to wait for Congress to act on whether to restrict the funding also, too.
MR. GIBBS: I don’t think the President’s decision is -- I don’t think the timeline for a presidential decision is held up by the timing of whether the Senate or the House act on -- individually on legislation.
Q Is he awaiting any particular recommendations from Mr. Holder?
MR. GIBBS: I’m not going to get into the process of what’s going on, just to say that that process is ongoing.
Q Would he favor a military commission trial short of being ordered to do so by Congress?
MR. GIBBS: Again, I think Savannah largely asked that, and, again, this is a process that’s ongoing.
Q Just follow?
MR. GIBBS: Yes.
Q Robert, what kind of message are we sending to the countries like India who are dealing in a tougher way with the terrorists, and also helping the United States on a global war against terrorism, as far as this trial and being soft on the terrorists and here, what they feel back home?
MR. GIBBS: I’m sorry, I don’t -- I didn’t get the last part of that, Goyal.
Q Many countries feel that U.S. should be tougher than those countries that -- who are with the United States as far as dealing with the terrorists.
MR. GIBBS: Look, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed -- I forget the exact date that he was brought into custody, it’s been a long time. One way or the other, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed will be brought to justice by these decisions. I don’t think you can be any tougher than that. This President has, without going into great detail, taken the fight internationally to terror suspects. We will -- we are going to seek -- we will seek justice -- justice delayed, by the way -- on behalf of thousands that were killed on September 11th because of the hateful acts of somebody like Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.
Q And one on the economy, please? Follow on the economy?
MR. GIBBS: Let me go back to Major.
Q On the Senate jobs bill, setting aside the political question for a second, does the White House believe it’s large enough to have a legitimate economic effect to create jobs?
MR. GIBBS: Well, again, Major, I don’t think that -- I don’t think what has the umbrella of a jobs bill is going to be the only components that the House and the Senate deal with in creating jobs. Right? I think extending unemployment benefits is something that is important for those that don’t have work in sustaining their effort to help find work. That’s not in what the Senate will deal with at the end of this recess, but is a component of a series of measures that the President outlined either at the Brookings speech that he gave, at the State of the Union, or that’s in his budget.
So again, I don’t look at what --
Q -- not in there, either.
MR. GIBBS: Right. But I don’t look at what -- and the administration doesn’t look at what is going to happen at the end of February when the Senate considers these four provisions to be the end of that consideration of measures dealing with economic stability.
Q Would the administration therefore continue to prioritize whatever other follow-on legislation comes from the Senate and the House on jobs over any other issues, specifically health care?
MR. GIBBS: Yes. Look, I think the President has --
Q By definition is to elongate the process of dealing with jobs legislation -- having it in smaller bills.
MR. GIBBS: Well, look -- well, look, the legislative process will work through itself. But, look, obviously some things you’re going to have on because for unemployment benefits or for COBRA you meet deadlines for expiring benefits that these individuals that are unemployed need.
I think we’re pleased with the pacing of this. This was something that, if you go from the State of the Union to what the Senate will consider, understanding that the House has already passed a fairly --
Q Much larger.
MR. GIBBS: -- big package, so you’ve got half that process done.
Q I want to give you a chance to address something that was in the Washington Post editorial -- or op-ed section today by former Attorney General Mukasey. Let me just read it to you and get your chance for response: "Contrary to what the White House homeland security advisor and the attorney general had suggested, if not said outright, not only was there no authority or policy in place under the Bush administration requiring that all those detained in the United States be treated as criminal defendants, but relevant authority was and is the opposite."
MR. GIBBS: Read the last part again.
Q Picking up where? "But relevant" -- "There is no authority or policy in place under the Bush administration requiring that all those detained in the United States be treated as criminal defendants," which Mukasey suggests your administration has said was the Bush administration policy. He goes on to write, "But relevant authority was and is the opposite."
MR. GIBBS: Well, I don’t think that --
Q Do you disagree with his --
MR. GIBBS: I don’t think that either Judge Mukasey or Attorney General Mukasey would argue that in the process of somebody being an enemy combatant that they wouldn’t, in fighting their detention, have access, based on his ruling, to counsel. Right?
Q Access to habeas petition.
MR. GIBBS: Right.
Q Not all other rights. As he goes on to write -- I don’t want to go through the whole thing -- but he says, in the Hamdi case, and in relevant Padillas dealings, habeas petitions were created as a legal venue but not all the other rights --
MR. GIBBS: Well, but let’s also --
Q -- that he says you guys are accusing the Bush administration of granting in a blanket way.
MR. GIBBS: But let’s also deal with what Attorney General Mukasey and others in the Bush administration, they’ve suggested that we didn’t -- because military commissions weren’t set up, that somebody like a Richard Reid, Mirandized five minutes after he was taken off of an American Airlines flight, couldn’t have been held because we didn’t have military commissions.
Military commissions aren’t a venue for interrogation. Military commissions are a venue for adjudicating justice. Is Attorney General Mukasey saying in his op-ed that the United States of America, the minute that they walked a Mirandized Richard Reid off of an American flight in Boston, didn’t have law of war detention? It’s a principle that has -- it’s a principle that we’ve had for as long as this country has existed. So I don’t know if he presumed that law of war detention didn’t exist on that day.
Q On the KSM trial location, how concerned is the President or the White House legislative team about what appears to be a growing number of Senate Democrats signing on to legislation to block all funding entirely? And to what degree is the President telephoning members to try to persuade them to either hold off or change their mind?
MR. GIBBS: I don’t -- I do not know of calls that the President has made. There may have been calls from the Counsel’s Office or from Legislative Affairs to discuss people’s opinion on legislation or on potential upcoming votes. Look, I’d just leave it --
Q This would assume a very important consideration of Congress in this entire debate, would it not?
MR. GIBBS: There’s no question about it. And I think it is an important aspect of this. It’s an important aspect of our broader efforts in dealing with terrorism, and it’s something that the administration is working through actively.
Q And the President would not be personally involved why, if it’s so important?
MR. GIBBS: No, no, I just -- I do not -- I’m just saying I do not believe he has made phone calls -- you asked me specifically about phone calls to Democrats about the legislation. I will go back and look at the phone logs that are sent around, but I do not -- nothing pops into my head, but let me double check.
Q Robert, I want to try the jobs bill thing again. On Chip’s point of tone, Senator Reid changed course, and then effectively challenged Republicans to oppose the bill. That was a fairly significant change in tone, and Republicans feel that they are being set up politically here, to some degree. Can they trust the President and Democratic leadership in Congress when they talk about bipartisanship if this is the first kind of experience they’re having since the State of the Union and a lot of this bipartisan talk?
MR. GIBBS: Of course Republicans can trust the President. They were in a room not far from where we’re sitting discussing many of the elements that will be voted on at the end of February on a jobs bill.
Again, I think that -- again, I think you’ll see a strong bipartisan vote. I think you’ll see -- and I think you’ll see a strong bipartisan vote on aspects that aren’t in this legislation but are part of what Democrats and Republicans alike believe is important for stabilizing our economy.
Q Does the White House understand Republican frustration over this, though? It sounds to me like you’re saying, what’s the big deal?
MR. GIBBS: If you’re asking if we’re -- have we been frustrated about bipartisanship for the better part of the past more than a year? Yes. I mean, we’ve --
Q Specifically on this point, on this -- that the White House came out yesterday, endorsed the process that was taking place; that changes; Republicans are angry and confused. Do you understand that?
MR. GIBBS: Look, I -- the President didn’t talk about bipartisanship on accident. The President has throughout his tenure as President been frustrated that we haven’t worked together more -- not just about what we’re doing economically now, but what we had to do economically a little more than a year ago when the times were even more dire; when we were facing job loss in the, as we’ve discussed in here, the 700,000 range each month; when we didn’t know if we’d wake up and the financial system that day would have collapsed.
Look, I can understand the frustration of Democrats and Republicans alike that regrettably the process of Washington has overwhelmed a series of ideas that the American people want to see work for them on behalf of the cares and concerns that they have -- absolutely.
Q Robert, just two questions?
MR. GIBBS: Maybe come back at the end.
Q Okay.
MR. GIBBS: Like a cherry on top of the sundae. (Laughter.)
Q Going back to Mark’s question on the public perception of the tax cuts, does that reflect a marketing problem?
MR. GIBBS: No, again, I think it -- look, again, it’s hard to demonstrate to people that did get a tax cut at a federal level if they saw based on a budget shortfall in a state that may had to have raised taxes and fees.
Look, that’s why -- you know, look, I think that -- I think that the American people look at a number of different factors that go into understanding and speaking to the frustration that they have about this economy. Right? These things -- they don’t happen in silos. Right? What happens at a federal level and what happens at a state level are felt by both -- both of those are felt by individuals on the ground.
I think what it demonstrates is that whether there’s four aspects of a package that’s moving through the Senate, that there are going to have to be a series of things that happen in coordination with all levels of government in order to get this economy moving again. If the federal government adds money through recovery to stimulate demand while states are having to pull back greatly, you’re going to create a situation where that’s not going to ultimately be felt. That’s why one of the big aspects of the recovery plan that was originally passed by Congress was state and local fiscal relief through FMAP funding, which cushioned that blow.
Q You also structured the tax cut in a way that was supposed to maximize its economic impact by adding it in these little --
MR. GIBBS: Maybe that’s --
Q Did that sort of minimize the political impact?
MR. GIBBS: Well, look, you know, would I have liked to hire somebody to knock on everyone’s door, you know, like the Publishers Clearing House guys and the big check in the balloons and the TV cameras? Sure, maybe that would have had a -- maybe it would have had a greater effect. I think what the economic team found in the structuring of that tax cut was that if I hand you $350, and you know you’re not likely to get handed $350 every week, you’re going to pocket and save that money, because you’re struggling economically.
You’re much more likely to put that into the economy in increased consumer spending and demand if you understand that it is going to be something that you feel maybe not all at once but a little bit over a series of time, in that you can increase your demand by that much. That’s the way the tax cut was structured. Obviously the marketers got kicked out of that meeting.
Yes, ma’am.
Q Robert, you guys have been very critical of Republicans on filibusters. So what message does the White House think it sends when on the jobs bill Senator Reid is practically forcing a filibuster by filing for cloture before there’s been even a minute of floor debate and precluding the chance for any amendments?
MR. GIBBS: Well, again, this is not going to be the last bite of the apple that the Senate has. It’s not -- these are four very bipartisan ideas. One of them is named by -- the name involves a Democrat senator and a Republican senator, by definition a bipartisan idea. Four elements that individually will garner bipartisan support and as a whole will garner bipartisan support. Again, this is not the last time that the Senate is going to take up measures that involve economic stability.
Q But you guys aren’t bothered by the way he’s not allowing for any amendments or --
MR. GIBBS: Look, again, we’ll have plenty of time to go back and do -- we’re going to need to extend unemployment benefits. We’re going to need to extend small business lending. All of that will be part of this.
Christy.
Q Robert, there are reports that China has asked the White House to cancel its meeting with the Dalai Lama. Do you know if that’s true?
MR. GIBBS: I know that obviously we discussed the fact that this meeting would happen on our trip to Beijing. Before I announced it we talked to them and said we’re going to announce this meeting. I do not know -- I do not know if their specific reaction was to cancel it. If that was their specific reaction, the meeting will take place as planned next Thursday.
Q Will the President discuss the shift to Tibetan independence with the Dalai Lama?
MR. GIBBS: You know, instead of -- we’ll have a readout of what they do talk about as a result of that meeting.
Q What is the official U.S. position on Tibetan independence?
MR. GIBBS: I will get that information to you after that meeting. Nice try, though.
Yes, sir.
Q Robert, I have a question for you on "don’t ask, don’t tell." Yesterday there was a report in Politico saying the White House hasn’t provided Congress with a clear path forward on this issue following the President’s State of the Union announcement. What kind of guidance is the President giving lawmakers as the Pentagon undertakes its review? And is the President expecting repeal legislation on his desk this year?
MR. GIBBS: The last part again?
Q Is the President expecting repeal legislation on his desk this year?
MR. GIBBS: Well, again, the President outlined in the State of the Union, and you heard Secretary Gates and Admiral Mullen discuss a process that will take place, if that process results in legislation by year’s end, the President would certainly sign it.
I think most importantly, the President, the military, and others feel like we have the best process structure moving forward to end "don’t ask, don’t tell."
Christy, on your thing, obviously the President will discuss with the Dalai Lama there his belief that he and the Chinese continue to discuss the issues that they have relating to Tibet, and I assume we’ll have a readout after that.
David, do you have anything?
Q No.
Q I have a follow-up, actually.
MR. GIBBS: Okay.
Q Will the President support a legislative moratorium on discharges under "don’t ask, don’t tell" at this time until the Pentagon completes its review?
MR. GIBBS: I would point you to what the -- the testimony from Gates and Mullen in what that process will -- the process that will take place over the course of the next year.
Yes, ma’am.
Q On Tuesday at the news conference when the President talked about the jobs bill, back then he mentioned doing this incrementally. He used that word, "incrementally" --
MR. GIBBS: I’m sorry, I can’t hear you.
Q At the news conference on Tuesday when the President talked about the jobs bill he mentioned doing it incrementally. So even back then, was he talking about either splitting it or doing it --
MR. GIBBS: Again, they’re ideas that were outlined -- they’re ideas that the President outlined, again, in his speech in December and in the State of the Union that -- ideas that the House didn’t pass, partly because their jobs package happened before his speech in December. There were different ideas that the Senate was considering, not all of which included the President’s ideas. We didn’t think then and we don’t think now that this is a one-shot deal. And I think that’s what’s most important to keep in mind.
Yes, sir.
Q Given what you call the frustration with the sheer amount of cloture votes, has the President, the administration and through Senator Reid, ever talked about calling the Republicans bluff, making them go to an actual filibuster, especially over one of these non-controversial nominees --
MR. GIBBS: Well, look, again, it’s a process that takes an inordinate amount of time on something that shouldn’t be controversial.
I think instead of -- I think the best way to move forward is to go through each of the very qualified nominees that are held for no reason other than, in some cases last week, because somebody didn’t get a couple of earmarks, and instead do this in a way that takes qualified individuals that have been nominated and allows them to serve in government. I think that’s the -- that’s the most important way.
Q Robert, just two questions.
MR. GIBBS: All right.
Q Chicago Tribune reports that five days after Scott Lee Cohen won the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor of Illinois in the primary, Cohen withdrew after reports of beating his wife, using a knife to threaten a girlfriend prostitute, tax evasion, and use of anabolic steroids. And my question: Did the President ever have any concern about former lieutenant governor nominee Cohen being supported by Mayor Daley?
MR. GIBBS: I don’t know who made what endorsements during the primary. Obviously the President, and many staffers here, were concerned about exactly what you read and think the right decision was made to leave the ticket.
Q As the honorary President of the Boy Scouts of America, what is the President’s reaction to the New York Post report that because the Scouts have a policy similar to our armed forces, "New York institutions are barring scouts from meeting or recruiting in all public schools"?
MR. GIBBS: I have not seen the New York Post report and can have somebody --
Q Well, does he think that it’s fair for them to cut the Scouts out of this? How does he support -- does he disagree with the Scouts or what? (Laughter.)
MR. GIBBS: Where are you on this, Lester? Are you -- is this --
Q Nowhere. (Laughter.)
MR. GIBBS: Yes, I do know where.
Q I support the Scouts. Do you support the Scouts?
MR. GIBBS: My son is -- we’re constructing the pinewood derby car as we speak. (Laughter.)
Q He’s a Scout, your son is a Scout?
MR. GIBBS: He is, and I think he’s going to be disappointed if his car doesn’t do well, but his father tends to be constructionally challenged.
Thanks, guys.
END
Monday, February 15, 2010
Sunday, February 14, 2010
Margaret Sanger: The Mike Wallace Interview
THis is the elegant lady, Mrs Sanger in an original interview with Mike wallace in 1957. THey were smoking phillip morris cigarettes on the set! OMG! LOL! ANyway, No you are going to read a series of articles bent on denouncing Mrs Sanger, the founder of the Birth Control movement in the US, with being a racist, and supporting something called Eugenics, which I have never heard of until now. I am not sure how factual this information is, But I am presenting it, in the spirit of being Fair and Balanced, so that it can be worked on deciphered and rebutted where need be.
By Tanya L. Green
"…I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing’
therefore choose life, that both you and your descendants may live."
--Deuteronomy 30:19 (NKJV
On the crisp, sunny, fall Columbus Day in 1999, organizers of the "Say So" march approached the steps of the U.S. Supreme Court. The marchers, who were predominantly black pastors and lay persons, concluded their three-day protest at the site of two monumental cases: the school desegregation Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and the pro-abortion Roe v. Wade "rights" in t he latter–converged in the declaration of Rev. Johnny M. Hunter, the march’s sponsor and national director of Life, Education and Resource Network (LEARN), the largest black pro-life organization.
‘"Civil rights’ doesn’t mean anything without a right to life!" declared Hunter. He and the other marchers were protesting the disproportionately high number of abortions in the black community. The high number is no accident. Many Americans–black and white–are unaware of Planned Parenthood founder Margaret Sanger’s Negro Project. Sanger created this program in 1939, after the organization changed its name from the American Birth Control League (ABCL) to the Birth Control Federation of America (BCFA).
The aim of the program was to restrict–many believe exterminate–the black population. Under the pretense of "better health" and "family planning," Sanger cleverly implemented her plan. What’s more shocking is Sanger’s beguilement of black America’s créme de la créme–those prominent, well educated and well-to-do–into executing her scheme. Some within the black elite saw birth control as a means to attain economic empowerment, elevate the race and garner the respect of whites.
The Negro Project has had lasting repercussions in the black community: "We have become victims of genocide by our own hands," cried Hunter at the "Say So" march.
Malthusian Eugenics
Margaret Sanger aligned herself with the eugenicists whose ideology prevailed in the early 20th century. Eugenicists strongly espoused racial supremacy and "purtiy"," particularly of the "Aryan" race. Eugenicists hoped to purify the bloodlines and improve the race by encouraging the "fit" to reproduce and the "unfit" to restrict their reproduction. They sought to contain the "inferior" races through segregation, sterilization, birth control and abortion.
Sanger embraced Malthusian eugenics. Thomas Robert Malthus, a 19th century cleric and professor of political economy, believed a population time bomb threatened the existence of the human race. He viewed social problems such as poverty, deprivation and hunger as evidence of this "population crisis." According to writer George Grant, Malthus condemned charities and other forms of benevolence, because he believed they only exacerbated the problems. His answer was to restrict population growth of certain groups of people. His theories of population growth and economic stability became the basis for national and international social policy. Grant quotes from Malthus’ magnum opus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, published in six editions from 1798 to 1826:
All children born, beyond what would be required to keep up the population to a desired level, must necessarily perish, unless room is made for them by the deaths of grown persons. We should facilitate, instead of foolishly and vainly endeavoring to impede, the operations of nature in producing this mortality.
Malthus disciples believed if Western civilization were to survive, the physically unfit, the materially poor, the spiritually diseased, the racially inferior, and the mentally incompetent had to be suppressed and isolated–or even, perhaps, eliminated. His disciples felt the subtler and more "scientific" approaches of education, contraception, sterilization and abortion were more "practical and acceptable ways" to ease the pressures of the alleged overpopulation.
Critics of Malthusianism said the group "produced a new vocabulary of mumbo-jumbo. It was all hard-headed, scientific and relentless." Further, historical facts have proved the Malthusian mathematical scheme regarding overpopulation to be inaccurate, though many still believe them.
Despite the falsehoods of Malthus’ overpopulation claims, Sanger nonetheless immersed herself in Malthusian eugenics. Grant wrote she argued for birth control using the "scientifically verified" threat of poverty, sickness, racial tension and overpopulation as its background. Sanger’s publication, The Birth Control Review (founded in 1917) regularly published pro-eugenic articles from eugenicists, such as Ernst Ruin. Although Sanger ceased editing The Birth Control Review in 1929, the ABCL continued to use it as a platform for eugenic ideas.
Sanger built the work of the ABCL, and, ultimately, Planned Parenthood, on the ideas and resources of the eugenics movement. Grant reported that "virtually all of the organization’s board members were eugenicists." Eugenicists financed the early projects, from the opening of birth control clinics to the publishing of "revolutionary" literature. Eugenicists comprised the speakers at conferences, authors of literature and the providers of services "almost without the exception." And Planned Parenthood’s international work was originally housed in the offices of the Eugenics Society. The two organizations were intertwined for years.
The ABCL became a legal entity on April 22, 1922, in New York. Before that, Sanger illegally operated a birth control clinic in October 1916, in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn, New York, which eventually closed. The clinic serviced the poor immigrants who heavily populated the area–those deemed "unfit" to reproduce.
Sanger’s early writings clearly reflected Malthus’ influence. She writes:
Organized charity itself is the symptom of a malignant social disease. Those vast, complex, interrelated organizations aiming to control and to diminish the spread of misery and destitution and all the menacing evils that spring out of this sinisterly fertile soil, are the surest sign that our civilization has bred, is breeding and perpetuating constantly increasing numbers of defectives, delinquents and dependents.In another passage, she decries the burden of "human waste" on society:
It [charity] encourages the healthier and more normal sections of the world to shoulder the burden of unthinking and indiscriminate fecundity of others; which brings with it, as I think the reader must agree, a dead weight of human waste. Instead of decreasing and aiming to eliminate the stocks that are most detrimental to the future of the race and the world, it tends to render them to a menacing degree dominant [emphasis added].
She concluded,
The most serious charge that can be brought against modern "benevolence" is that is encourages the perpetuation of defectives, delinquents and dependents. These are the most dangerous elements in the world community, the most devastating curse on human progress and expression.
The Review printed an excerpt of an address Sanger gave in 1926. In it she said:
It now remains for the U.S. government to set a sensible example to the world by offering a bonus or yearly pension to all obviously unfit parents who allow themselves to be sterilized by harmless and scientific means. In this way the moron and the diseased would have no posterity to inherit their unhappy condition. The number of the feeble-minded would decrease and a heavy burden would be lifted from the shoulders of the fit.
Sanger said a "bonus" would be "wise and profitable" and "the salvation of American civilization." She presented her ideas to Mr. C. Harold Smith (of the New York Evening World) on "the welfare committee" in New York City. She said, "people must be helped to help themselves.: Any plan or program that would make them "dependent upon doles and charities" is "paternalistic" and would not be " of any permanent value." She included an essay (what she called a "program of public welfare,") entitled "We Must Breed a Race of Thoroughbreds."
?In it she argued that birth control clinics, or bureaus, should be established "in which men and women will be taught the science of parenthood and the science of breeding." For this was the way "to breed out of the race the scourges of transmissible disease, mental defect, poverty, lawlessness, crime … since these classes would be decreasing in number instead of breeding like weeds."
Her program called for women to receive birth control advice in various situations, including where:
- the woman or man had a "transmissible" disease such as insanity, feeble-mindedness, epilepsy, syphilis, etc.;
- the children already born were "subnormal or feeble-minded";
- the father’s wages were "inadequate … to provide for more children."
Sanger said "such a plan would … reduce the birthrate among the diseased, the sickly, the poverty stricken and anti-social classes, elements unable to provide for themselves, and the burden of which we are all forced to carry."
Sanger had openly embraced Malthusian eugenics, and it shaped her actions in the ensuing years.
The Harlem Clinic
In 1929, 10 years before Sanger created the Negro Project, the ABCL laid the groundwork for a clinic in Harlem, a largely black section of New York City. It was the dawn of the Great Depression, and for blacks that meant double the misery. Blacks faced harsher conditions of desperation and privation because of widespread racial prejudice and discrimination. From the ABCL’s perspective, Harlem was the ideal place for this "experimental clinic," which officially opened on November 21, 1930. Many blacks looked to escape their adverse circumstances and therefore did not recognize the eugenic undercurrent of the clinic. The clinic relied on the generosity of private foundations to remain in business. In addition to being thought of as "inferior" and disproportionately represented in the underclass, according to the clinic’s own files used to justify its "work," blacks in Harlem:
- were segregated in an over-populated area (224,760 of 330,000 of greater New York’s population lived in Harlem during the late 1920s and 1930s);
- comprised 12 percent of New York City’s population, but accounted for 18.4 percent of New York City’s unemployment;
- had an infant mortality rate of 101 per 1000 births, compared to 56 among whites;
- had a death rate from tuberculosis–237 per 100,000–that was highest in central Harlem, out of all of New York City.
Although the clinic served whites as well as blacks, it "was established for the benefit of the colored people." Sanger wrote this in a letter to Dr. W. E. Burghardt DuBois, one of the day’s most influential blacks. A sociologist and author, he helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909 to improve the living conditions of black Americans.
That blacks endured extreme prejudice and discrimination, which contributed greatly to their plight, seemed to further justify restricting their numbers. Many believed the solution lay in reducing reproduction. Sanger suggested the answer to poverty and degradation lay in smaller numbers of blacks. She convinced black civic groups in Harlem of the "benefits" of birth control, under the cloak of "better health" (i.e., reduction of maternal and infant death; child spacing) and "family planning." So with their cooperation, and the endorsement of The Amsterdam News (a prominent black newspaper), Sanger established the Harlem branch of the Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau. The ABCL told the community birth control was the answer to their predicament.
Sanger shrewdly used the influence of prominent blacks to reach the masses with this message. She invited DuBois and a host of Harlem’s leading blacks, including physicians, social workers, ministers and journalists, to form an advisory council to help direct the clinic "so that our work in birth control will be a constructive force in the community." She knew the importance of having black professionals on the advisory board and in the clinic; she knew blacks would instinctively suspect whites of wanting to decrease their numbers. She would later use this knowledge to implement the Negro Project.
Sanger convinced the community so well that Harlem’s largest black church, the Abyssinian Baptist Church, held a mass meeting featuring Sanger as the speaker. But that event received criticism. At least one "very prominent minister of a denomination other than Baptist" spoke out against Sanger. Dr. Adam Clayton Powell Sr., pastor of Abyssinian Baptist, "received adverse criticism" from the (unnamed) minister who was "surprised that he’d allow that awful woman in his church."
Grace Congregational Church hosted a debate on birth control. Proponents argued birth control was necessary to regulate births in proportion to the family’s income; spacing births would help mothers recover physically and fathers financially; physically strong and mentally sound babies would result; and incidences of communicable diseases would decrease.
Opponents contended that as a minority group blacks needed to increase rather than decrease and that they needed an equal distribution of wealth to improve their status. In the end, the debate judges decided the proponents were more persuasive: Birth control would improve the status of blacks. Still, there were others who equated birth control with abortion and therefore considered it immoral.Eventually, the Urban League took control of the clinic, and indication the black community had become ensnared in Sanger’s labyrinth.
Birth Control as a Solution
The Harlem clinic and ensuing birth control debate opened dialogue among black about how best to improve their disadvantageous position. Some viewed birth control as a viable solution: High reproduction, the believed, meant prolonged poverty and degradation. Desperate for change, others began to accept the "rationale" of birth control. A few embraced eugenics. The June 1932 edition of The Birth Control Review, called "The Negro Number," featured a series of articles written by blacks on the "virtues" of birth control.
The editorial posed this question: "Shall they go in for quantity or quality in children? Shall they bring children into the world to enrich the undertakers, the physicians and furnish work for social workers and jailers, or shall they produce children who are going to be an asset to the group and American society?" The answer: "Most [blacks], especially women, would choose quality … if they only knew how."
DuBois, in his article "Black Folk and Birth Control, " noted the "inevitable clash of ideals between those Negroes who were striving to improve their economic position and those whose religious faith made the limitation of children a sin." He criticized the "mass of ignorant Negroes" who bred "carelessly and disastrously so that the increase among [them] … is from that part of the population least intelligent and fit, and least able to rear their children properly."
DuBois called for a "more liberal attitude" among black churches. He said they were open to "intelligent propaganda of any sort, and the American Birth Control League and other agencies ought to get their speakers before church congregations and their arguments in the Negro newspapers [emphasis added]."
Charles S. Johnson, Fisk University’s first black president, wrote "eugenic discrimination" was necessary for blacks. He said the high maternal and infant mortality rates, along with diseases like tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria and venereal infection, made it difficult for large families to adequately sustain themselves.
Further, "the status of Negroes as marginal workers, their confinement to the lowest paid branches of industry, the necessity for the labors of mothers, as well as children, to balance meager budgets, are factors [that] emphasize the need for lessening the burden not only for themselves, but of society, which must provide the supplementary support in the form of relief." Johnson later served on the National Advisory Council to the BCFA, becoming integral to the Negro Project.
Writer Walter A. Terpenning described bringing a black child into a hostile world as "pathetic." In his article "God’s Chillun," he wrote:
The birth of a colored child, even to parents who can give it adequate support, is pathetic in view of the unchristian and undemocratic treatment likely to be accorded it at the hands of a predominantly white community, and the denial of choice in propagation to this unfortunate class is nothing less than barbarous [emphasis added].
Terpenning considered birth control for black as "the more humane provision" and "more eugenic" than among whites. He felt birth control information should have first been disseminated among blacks rather than the white upper crust. He failed to look at the problematic attitudes and behavior of society and how they suppressed blacks. He offered no solutions to the injustice and vile racism that blacks endured.
Sadly, DuBois’ words of black churches being "open to intelligent propaganda" proved prophetic. Black pastors invited Sanger to speak to their congregations. Black publications, like The Afro-American and The Chicago Defender, featured her writings. Rather than attacking the root causes of maternal and infant deaths, diseases ,poverty, unemployment and a host of other social ills–not the least of which were racism–Sanger pushed birth control. To many, it was better for blacks not to be born rather than endure such a harsh existence.
Against this setting, Sanger charmed the black community’s most distinguished leaders into accepting her plan, which was designed to their own detriment. She peddled her wares wrapped in pretty packages labeled "better health" and "family planning." No one could deny the benefits of better health, being financially ready to raise children, or spacing one’s children. However, the solution to the real issues affecting blacks did not lay in reducing their numbers. It lay in attacking forces in society that hindered their progress. Most importantly, one had to discern Sanger’s motive behind her push for birth control in the community. It was not an altruistic one.
Web of Deceit
Prior to 1939, Sanger’s "outreach to the black community was largely limited to her Harlem clinic and speaking at black churches." Her vision for "the reproductive practices of black Americans" expanded after the January 1939 merger of the Clinical Research Bureau and the American Birth Control League to form the Birth Control Federation of America. She selected Dr. Clarence J. Gamble, of the soap-manufacturing company Procter and Gamble, to be the BCFA regional director of the South.
Gamble wrote a memorandum in November 1939 entitled "Suggestions for the Negro Project," in which he recognized that "black leaders might regard birth control as an extermination plot." He suggested black leaders to be placed in positions where it would appear they were in charge. Yet Sanger’s reply reflects Gamble’s ambivalence about having blacks in authoritative positions:
I note that you doubt it worthwhile to employ a full-time Negro physician. It seems to me from my experience … that, while the colored Negroes have great respect for white doctors, they can get closer to their own members and more or less lay their cards on the table, which means their ignorance, superstitions and doubts. They do not do this with white people and if we can train the Negro doctor at the clinic, he can go among them with enthusiasm and … knowledge, which … will have far-reaching results among the colored people.
Another project director lamented:
I wonder if Southern Darkies can ever be entrusted with … a clinic. Our experience causes us to doubt their ability to work except under white supervision.
Sanger knew blacks were religious people–and how useful ministers would be to her project. She wrote in the same letter:
The minister’s work is also important and he should be trained, perhaps by the Federation as to our ideals and the goal that we hope to reach. We do not want word to go out that we want to exterminate the Negro population, and the minister is the man who can straighten out that idea if it ever occurs to any of their more rebellious members [emphasis added].Sanger’s cohorts within the BCFA sought to attract black leadership. They succeeded. The list of black leaders who made up BCFA’s National Advisory Council reads like a "who’s who" among black Americans. To name a few:
- Claude A. Barnett, director, Associated Negro Press, Chicago
- Michael J. Bent, M.D., Meharry Medical School, Nashville
- Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune, president, National Council of Negro Women, Washington, D.C., special advisor to President Roosevelt on minority groups, and founder of Bethune-Cookman College, Daytona Beach
- Dr. Dorothy Boulding Ferebee, cum laude graduate of Tufts, president of Alpha Kappa Alpha (the nation’s oldest black sorority)k, Washington, D.C.
- Charles S. Johnson, president, Fisk University, Nashville
- Eugene Kinckle Jones, executive secretary, National Urban League, New York
- Rev. Adam Clayton Powell Jr., pastor, Abyssinian Baptist Church, New York
- Bishop David H. Sims, pastor, African Methodist Episcopal Church, Philadelphia
- Arthur Spingarn, president, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Even with this impressive list, Sanger ran into resistance when she tried to present a birth control exhibit at the 1940 American Negro Exposition, a fair that traces the progress blacks have made since the Emancipation Proclamation, in Chicago. After inviting BCFA to display its exhibit, the Exposition’s board later canceled, citing "last minute changes in floor space."
Sanger did not buy this and issued a statement urging public protest. "This has come as a complete surprise," said Sanger, "since the Federation undertook preparation of the exhibit upon an express invitation from a member of the Exposition board." She said the cancellation resulted from "concerted action on the part of representatives of the Roman Catholic Church." She even accused the church of threatening officials with the withholding of promised federal and state funds needed to hold the Exposition.
Her statement mentioned BCFA prepared the exhibit in consultation with its National (Negro) Advisory Council, and it illustrated "the need for birth control as a public health measure." She said the objective was to demonstrate how birth control would "improve the welfare of the Negro population," noting the maternal death rate among black mothers was nearly 50 percent higher, and the child death rate was more than one-third greater than the white community.
At Sanger’s urging, protesters of the cancellation sent letters to Attorney Wendall E. Green, vice chairman of the Afra-Merican Emancipation Exposition Commission (sponsor of the Exposition), requesting he investigate. Green denied there was any threat or pressure to withhold funds needed to finance the Exposition. Further, he said the Exposition commission (of Illinois) "unanimously passed a resolution," which read in part: "That in the promotion, conduct and accomplishment of the objectives (of the Exposition) there must be an abiding spirit to create goodwill toward all people." He added that since the funds for the Exposition " came from citizens of all races and creeds, any exhibit in conflict with the known convictions of any religious group contravenes the spirit of the resolution," which seemed to support Catholic opposition. The commission upheld the ban on the exhibit.
"Better Health for 13,000,000"
The propaganda of the Negro Project was that birth control meant better health. So on this premise, the BCFA designed two southern Negro Project "demonstration programs" to show "how medically-supervised birth control integrated into existing public health services could improve the general welfare of Negroes, and to initiate a nationwide educational program."
The BCFA opened the first clinic at the Bethlehem Center in urban Nashville, Tennessee (where blacks constituted only 25 percent of the population), on February 13, 1940. They extended the work to the Social Services Center of Fisk University (a historically black college) on July 23, 1940. This location was especially significant because of its proximity to Meharry Medical School, which trained more than 50 percent of black physicians I the United States.
An analysis of the income of the Nashville group revealed that "no family, regardless of size, had an income over $15 a week. The service obviously reached the income group for which it was designed," indicating the project’s tar get. The report claimed to have brought "to light serious diseases and making possible their treatment, … [and] that 55 percent [354 of the 638] of the patients prescribed birth control methods used it consistently and successfully." However, the report presented "no definite figures … to demonstrate the extent of community improvement."
The BCFA opened the second clinic on May 1, 1940, in rural Berkeley County, South Carolina, under the supervision of Dr. Robert E. Seibels, chairman of the Committee on Maternal Welfare of the South Carolina Medical Association. BCFA chose this site in part "because leaders in the state were particularly receptive to the experiment. South Carolina had been the second state to make child spacing a part of its state public health program after a survey of the state’s maternal deaths showed that 25 percent occurred among mothers known to be physically unfit for pregnancy." Again, the message went out: Birth control–not better prenatal care–reduced maternal and infant mortality.
Although Berkeley County’s population was 70 percent black, the clinic received criticism that members of this group were "overwhelmingly in the majority." Seibels assured Claude Barnett that this was not the case. "We have … simply given our help to those who were willing to receive it, and these usually are Negroes," he said.
While religious convictions significantly influenced the Nashville patients’ view of birth control, people in Berkeley County had "no religious prejudice against birth control. But the attitude that treatment of any disease was ‘against nature’ was in the air." Comparing the results of the two sites, "it is seen that the immediate receptivity to the demonstration was at the outset higher in the rural area. " However, "the final total success was lower [in the rural area]." However, in Berkeley, "stark poverty was even more in evidence, and bad roads, bad weather and ignorance proved powerful counter forces [to the contraceptive programs." After 18 months, the Berkeley program closed.
The report indicated that, contrary to expectations, the lives of black patients serviced by the clinics did not improve dramatically from birth control. Two beliefs stood in the way: Some blacks likened birth control to abortion and others regarded it as "inherently immoral." However, "when thrown against the total pictures of the awareness on the part of Negro leaders of the improved conditions, … and their opportunities to even better conditions under Planned Parenthood, … the obstacles to the program are greatly outweighed," said Dr. Dorothy Ferebee.
A hint of eugenic flavor seasoned Ferebee’s speech: "The future program [of Planned Parenthood] should center around more education in the field through the work of a professional Negro worker, because those of who believe that the benefits of Planned Parenthood as a vital key to the elimination of human waste must reach the entire population [emphasis added]." She peppered her speech with the importance of "Negro professionals, fully integrated into the staff, … who could interpret the program and objectives to [other blacks] in the normal course of day-to-day contacts; could break down fallacious attitudes and beliefs and elements of distrust; could inspire the confidence of the group; and would not be suspect of the intent to eliminate the race [emphasis added]."
Sanger even managed to lure the prominent–but hesitant–black minister J. T. Braun, editor in chief of the National Baptist Convention’s Sunday School Publishing Board in Nashville, Tennessee, into her deceptive web. Braun confessed to Sanger that "the very idea of such a thing [birth control] has always held the greatest hatred and contempt in my mind. … I am hesitant to give my full endorsement of this idea, until you send me, perhaps, some more convincing literature on the subject. Sanger happily complied. She sent Braun the Federal Council of Churches’ Marriage and Home Committee pamphlet praised by Bishop Sims (another member of the National Advisory Council), assuring him that: "There are some people who believe that birth control is an attempt to dictate to families how many children to have. Nothing could be further from the truth."
Sanger’s assistants gave Braun more pro-birth control literature and a copy of her autobiography, which he gave to his wife to read. Sanger’s message of preventing maternal and infant mortality stirred Braun’s wife. Now convinced of this need, Braun permitted a group of women to use his chapel for a birth-control talk. "[I was] moved by the number of prominent [black] Christians backing the proposition," Braun wrote in a letter to Sanger. "At first glance I had a horrible shock to the proposition because it seemed to me to be allied to abortion, but after thought and prayer, I have concluded that especially among many women, it is necessary both to save the lives of mothers and children [emphasis added]."
By 1949, Sanger had hoodwinked black America’s best and brightest into believing birth control’s "life-saving benefits." In a monumental feat, she bewitched virtually an entire network of black social, professional and academic organizations into endorsing Planned Parenthood’s eugenic program.
Sanger’s successful duplicity does not in any way suggest blacks were gullible. They certainly wanted to decrease maternal and infant mortality and improve the community’s overall health. They wholly accepted her message because it seemed to promise prosperity and social acceptance. Sanger used their vulnerabilities and their ignorance (of her deliberately hidden agenda) to her advantage. Aside from birth control, she offered no other medical or social solutions to their adversity. Surely, blacks would not have been such willing accomplices had they perceived her true intentions. Considering the role eugenics played in the early birth control movement–and Sanger’s embracing of that ideology–the notion of birth control as seemingly the only solution to the problems that plagued blacks should have been much more closely scrutinized.
"Scientific Racism"
Planned Parenthood has gone to great lengths to repudiate the organization’s eugenic origins. It adamantly denies Sanger was a eugenicist or racist, despite evidence to the contrary. Because Sanger stopped editing The Birth Control Review in 1929, the organization tries to disassociate her from the eugenic and racist-oriented articles published after that date. However, a summary of an address Sanger gave in 1932, which appeared in the Review that year, revealed her continuing bent toward eugenics.
In "A Plan for Peace," Sanger suggested Congress set up a special department to study population problems and appoint a "Parliament of Population." One of the main objectives of the "Population Congress" would be "to raise the level and increase the general intelligence of population." This would be accomplished by applying a "stern and rigid policy of sterilization and segregation [ in addition to tightening immigration laws] to that grade of population whose progeny is already tainted, or whose inheritance is such that objectionable traits may be transmitted to offspring."
It’s reasonable to conclude that as the leader of Planned Parenthood–even after 1929–Sanger would not allow publication of ideas she didn’t support.
Sanger’s defenders argue she only wanted to educate blacks about birth control’s "health benefits." However, she counted the very people she wanted to "educate" among the "unfit," whose numbers needed to be restricted.
Grant presents other arguments Sanger’s supporters use to refute her racist roots:
- blacks, Jews, Hispanics and other minorities are well represented in the
- the former, high-profile president of the organization, Faye Wattleton, is a black woman;
- "aggressive" minority hiring practices have been standard procedure for more than two decades;
- the "vast majority of the nation’s ethnic leadership solidly and actively supports the work" of the organization.
These justifications also fail because of what Grant calls "scientific racism." This form of racism is based on genes, rather than skin color or language. "The issue is not ‘color of skin’ or ‘dialect of tongue,’" Grant writes, "but ‘quality of genes [emphasis added].’" Therefore, "as long as blacks, Jews and Hispanics demonstrate ‘a good quality gene pool’–as long as they ‘act white and think white’–then they are esteemed equally with Aryans. As long as they are, as Margaret Sanger said, ‘the best of their race,’ then they can be [counted] as valuable citizens [emphasis added]." By the same token, "individual whites" who shoe "dysgenic traits" must also have their fertility "curbed right along with the other ‘inferiors and undesirables.’"
In short, writes Grant, "Scientific racism is an equal opportunity discriminator [emphasis added]. Anyone with a ‘defective gene pool’ is suspect. And anyone who shows promise may be admitted to the ranks of the elite."
The eugenic undertone is hard to miss. As Grant rightly comments, "The bottom line is that Planned Parenthood was self-consciously organized, in part, to promote and enforce White Supremacy. ... It has been from its inception implicitly and explicitly racist."
"There is no way to escape the implications," argues William L. Davis, a black financial analyst Grant quotes. "When an organization has a history of racism, when its literature is openly racist, when it goals are self-consciously racial, and when its programs invariably revolve around race, it doesn’t take an expert to realize that the organization is indeed racist."
Sanger’s LegacyIts is impossible to sever Planned Parenthood’s past from its present. Its legacy of lies and propaganda continues to infiltrate the black community. This poison is even more venomous because, in addition to birth control, Planned Parenthood touts abortion as a solution to the economic and social problems that plague the community. In its wake is the loss of more than 12 million lives within the black community alone. Planned Parenthood’s own record reflect this. For example, a 1992 report revealed that 23.2 percent of women who obtained abortions at its affiliates were black---although blacks represent no more than 13 percent of the total population. In 1996, Planned Parenthood’s research arm reported: "Blacks, who make up 14 percent of all childbearing women, have 31 percent of all abortions and whites, who account for 81 percent of women of childbearing age, have 61 percent."
"Abortion is the number-one killer of blacks in America," says Rev. Hunter of LEARN. "We’re losing our people at the rate of 1,452 a day. That’s just pure genocide. There’s no other word for it. [Sanger’s] influence and the whole mindset that Planned Parenthood has brought into the black community ... say it’s okay to destroy your people. We bought into the lie; we bought into the propaganda."
Some blacks have even made abortion "right" synonymous with civil rights.
"We’re destroying the destiny and purpose of others who should be here," Hunter laments. "Who knows the musicians we’ve lost? Who knows the great leaders the black community has really lost? Who knows what great minds of economic power people have lost? What great teachers?" He recites an old African proverb: "No one knows whose womb holds the chief."
Hunter has personally observed the vestiges of Planned Parenthood’s eugenic past in the black community today. "When I travel around the country...I can only think of one abortion clinic [I’ve seen] in a predominantly white neighborhood. The majority of clinics are in black neighborhoods."
Hunter noted the controversy that occurred tow years ago in Louisiana involving school-based health clinics. The racist undertone could not have been more evident. In the Baton Rouge district, officials were debating placing clinics in the high schools. Black state representative Sharon Weston Broome initially supported the idea. She later expressed concern about clinics providing contraceptives and abortion counseling. "Clinics should promote abstinence," she said. Upon learning officials wanted to put the clinics in black schools only, Hunter urged her to suggest they be placed in white schools as well. At Broome’s suggestion, however, proposals for t he school clinics were "dropped immediately," reported Hunter.
Grant observed the same game plan 20 years ago. "During the 1980s when Planned Parenthood shifted its focus from community-based clinics to school-based clinics, it again targeted inner-city minority neighborhoods," he writes. "Of the more than 100 school-based clinics that have opened nationwide in the last decade [1980s], none has been at substantially all-white schools," he adds. "None has been at suburban middle-class schools. All have been at black, minority or ethnic schools."
In 1987, a group of black ministers, parents and educators filed suit against the Chicago Board of Education. They charged the city’s school-based clinics with not only violating the state’s fornication laws, but also with discrimination against blacks. The clinics were a "calculated, pernicious effort to destroy the very fabric of family life [between] black parents and their children," the suit alleged.
One of the parents in the group was "shocked" when her daughter came home from school with Planned Parenthood material. "I never realized how racist those people were until I read the [information my daughter received] at the school clinic," she said. "[They are worse than] the Klan … because they’re so slick and sophisticated. Their bigotry is all dolled up with statistics and surveys, but just beneath the surface it’s as ugly as apartheid."
A more recent account uncovered a Planned Parenthood affiliate giving condoms to residents of a poor black neighborhood in Akron, Ohio. The residents received a "promotional bag" containing, among other things: literature on sexually transmitted disease prevention, gynecology exams and contraception, a condom-case key chain containing a bright-green condom, and a coupon. The coupon was redeemable at three Ohio county clinics for a dozen condoms and a $5 McDonald’s gift certificate. All the items were printed with Planned Parenthood phone numbers.
The affiliate might say they’re targeting high-pregnancy areas, but their response presumes destructive behavior on the part of the targeted group. Planned Parenthood has always been reluctant to promote, or encourage, abstinence as the only safeguard against teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, calling it "unrealistic."
Rev. Richard Welch, president of Human Life International in Front Royal, Virginia, "blasted" the affiliate for targeting low-income, minority neighborhoods with the bags. He said the incident revealed "the racism inherent in promoting abortion and contraception in primarily minority neighborhoods."
He then criticized Planned Parenthood: "Having sprung from the racist dreams of a woman determined to apply abortion and contraception to eugenics and ethnic cleansing, Planned Parenthood remains true to the same strategy today."
Untangling the Deceptive Web
Black leaders have been silent about Margaret Sanger’s evil machination against their community far too long. They’ve been silent about abortion’s devastating effects in their community–despite their pro-life inclination. "The majority of [blacks] are more pro-life than anything else," said Hunter. "Blacks were never taught to destroy their children; even in slavery they tried to hold onto their children."
"Blacks are not quiet about the issue because they do no care, but rather because the truth has been kept from them. The issue is … to educate our people, " said former Planned Parenthood board member LaVerne Tolbert.
Today, a growing number of black pro-lifers are untangling the deceptive web spun by Sanger. They are using truth to shed light on the lies. The "Say SO" march is just one example of their burgeoning pro-life activism. As the marchers laid 1,452 roses at the courthouse steps–to commemorate the number of black babies aborted daily–spokesman Damon Owens said, "This calls national attention to the problem [of abortion]. This is an opportunity for blacks to speak to other blacks. This doesn’t solve all of our problems. But we will not solve our other problems with abortion."
Black pro-lifers are also linking arms with their white pro-life brethren. Black Americans for Life (BAL) is an outreach group of the National Right to Life Committee (NRLC), a Washington, D.C. based grassroots organizations. NRLC encourages networking between black and white pro-lifers. "Our goal is to bring people together–from all races, colors, and religions–to work on pro-life issues," said NRLC Director of Outreach Ernest Ohlhoff. "Black Americans for Life in not a parallel group; we want to help African-Americans integrate communicational and functionally into the pro-life movement."
Mrs. Beverly LaHaye, founder and chairman of Concerned Women for America, echoes the sentiment. "Our mission is to protect the right to life of all members of the human race. CWA welcomes like-minded women and men, from all walks of life, to join us in this fight."
Concerned Women for America has a long history of fighting Planned Parenthood’s evil agenda. The Negro Project is an obscure angle, but one that must come to light. Margaret Sanger sold black Americans an illusion. Now with the veil of deception removed, they can "choose life … that [their] descendants may live."(I doubt the authenticity of this image, but becasue I am no expert on the history of the event I give it a 40-60 chance of having happened. The picture however is a poorly photoshopped clip in of Mrs. Sanger supposedly at a KKK rally. I could have done better and I suck at photoshop. Look at this picture for 2 seconds and you can tell it has been photoshopped over an authentic pictire of a KKK rally from a much later time period then Mrs. Sangers clothing, and that the "podium" is just some crates. ANyway, let us look at the rest of the documents presented. By the way this all comes off of one blog called the "Magic Negro Watch" blog, claiming to be run by a black man, but I have a feeling his skin is a good deal paler then he lets on.
(This article first appeared in the January 20, 1992 edition of Citizen magazine)
How Planned Parenthood Duped America
At a March 1925 international birth control gathering in New York City, a speaker warned of the menace posed by the "black" and "yellow" peril. The man was not a Nazi or Klansman; he was Dr. S. Adolphus Knopf, a member of Margaret Sanger's American Birth Control League (ABCL), which along with other groups eventually became known as Planned Parenthood.
Sanger's other colleagues included avowed and sophisticated racists. One, Lothrop Stoddard, was a Harvard graduate and the author of The Rising Tide of Color against White Supremacy. Stoddard was something of a Nazi enthusiast who described the eugenic practices of the Third Reich as "scientific" and "humanitarian." And Dr. Harry Laughlin, another Sanger associate and board member for her group, spoke of purifying America's human "breeding stock" and purging America's "bad strains." These "strains" included the "shiftless, ignorant, and worthless class of antisocial whites of the South."
Not to be outdone by her followers, Margaret Sanger spoke of sterilizing those she designated as "unfit," a plan she said would be the "salvation of American civilization.: And she also spike of those who were "irresponsible and reckless," among whom she included those " whose religious scruples prevent their exercising control over their numbers." She further contended that "there is no doubt in the minds of all thinking people that the procreation of this group should be stopped." That many Americans of African origin constituted a segment of Sanger considered "unfit" cannot be easily refuted.
While Planned Parenthood's current apologists try to place some distance between the eugenics and birth control movements, history definitively says otherwise. The eugenic theme figured prominently in the Birth Control Review, which Sanger founded in 1917. She published such articles as "Some Moral Aspects of Eugenics" (June 1920), "The Eugenic Conscience" (February 1921), "The purpose of Eugenics" (December 1924), "Birth Control and Positive Eugenics" (July 1925), "Birth Control: The True Eugenics" (August 1928), and many others.
These eugenic and racial origins are hardly what most people associate with the modern Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), which gave its Margaret Sanger award to the late Dr. Martin Luther King in 1966, and whose current president, Faye Wattleton, is black, a former nurse, and attractive.
Though once a social pariah group, routinely castigated by religious and government leaders, the PPFA is now an established, high-profile, well-funded organization with ample organizational and ideological support in high places of American society and government. Its statistics are accepted by major media and public health officials as "gospel"; its full-page ads appear in major newspapers; its spokespeople are called upon to give authoritative analyses of what America's family policies should be and to prescribe official answers that congressmen, state legislator and Supreme Court justiices all accept as "social orthodoxy."
Blaming Families
Sanger's obsession with eugenics can be traced back to her own family. One of 11 children, she wrote in the autobiographical book, My Fight for Birth Control, that "I associated poverty, toil, unemployment, drunkenness, cruelty, quarreling, fighting, debts, jails with large families." Just as important was the impression in her childhood of an inferior family status, exacerbated by the iconoclastic, "free-thinking" views of her father, whose "anti-Catholic attitudes did not make for his popularity" in a predominantly Irish community.
The fact that the wealthy families in her hometown of Corning, N.Y., had relatively few children, Sanger took as prima facie evidence of the impoverishing effect of larger families. The personal impact of this belief was heightened 1899, at the age of 48. Sanger was convinced that the "ordeals of motherhood" had caused the death of her mother. The lingering consumption (tuberculosis) that took her mother's life visited Sanger at the birth of her own first child on Nov. 18, 1905. The diagnosis forced her to seek refuge in the Adirondacks to strengthen her for the impending birth. Despite the precautions, the birth of baby Grant was "agonizing," the mere memory of which Sanger described as "mental torture" more than 25 years later. She once described the experience as a factor "to be reckoned with" in her zealous campaign for birth control.
From the beginning, Sanger advocacy of sex education reflected her interest in population control and birth prevention among the "unfit." Her first handbook, published for adolescents in 1915 and entitled, What Every Boy and Girl Should Know, featured a jarring afterword:
It is a vicious cycle; ignorance breeds poverty and poverty breeds ignorance. There is only one cure for both, and that is to stoop breeding these things. Stop bringing to birth children whose inheritance cannot be one of health or intelligence. Stop bringing into the world children whose parents cannot provide for them.
To Sanger, the ebbing away of moral and religious codes over sexual conduct was a natural consequence of the worthlessness of such codes in the individual's search for self-fulfillment. "Instead of laying down hard and fast rules of sexual conduct," Sanger wrote in her 1922 book Pivot of Civilization, "sex can be rendered effective and valuable only as it meets and satisfies the interests and demands of the pupil himself." Her attitude is appropriately described as libertinism, but sex knowledge was not the same as individual liberty, as her writings on procreation emphasized.
The second edition of Sanger's life story, An Autobiography, appeared in 1938. There Sanger described her first cross-country lecture tour in 1916. Her standard speech asserted seven conditions of life that "mandated" the use of birth control: the third was "when parents, though normal, had subnormal children"; the fourth, "when husband and wife were adolescent"; the fifth, "when the earning capacity of the father was inadequate." No right existed to exercise sex knowledge to advance procreation. Sanger described the fact that "anyone, no matter how ignorant, how diseased mentally or physically, how lacking in all knowledge of children, seemed to consider he or she had the right to become a parent."
Religious Bigotry
In the 1910's and 1920's, the entire social order–religion, law, politics, medicine, and the media–was arrayed against the idea and practice of birth control. This opposition began in 1873 when an overwhelmingly Protestant Congress passed, and a Protestant president signed into law, a bill that became known as the Comstock Law, named after its main proponent, Anthony Comstock. The U.S. Congress classified obscene writing, along with drugs, and devices and articles that prevented conception or caused abortion, under the same net of criminality and forbade their importation or mailing.
Sanger set out to have such legislation abolished or amended. Her initial efforts were directed at the Congress with the opening of a Washington, D.C., office of her American Birth Control League in 1926. Sanger wanted to amend section 211 of the U.S. criminal code to allow the interstate shipment and mailing of contraceptives among physicians, druggists and drug manufacturers.
SEE PART 2 next post
